Diets for Diabetes Control

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder where in human body does not produce or properly uses insulin, a hormone that is required to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy. There are three main types of diabetes:

• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Gestational diabetes

Type 2 makes up almost 95 percent of the diabetic cases. It is commonly referred to as "non-insulin dependent diabetes„ (NIDD). In this type, the pancreas is producing insulin, but the body is unable to use it properly. Type 2 diabetes typically has a gradual onset, appearing in adults around the age of 30, sometimes older. This is characterized by constant high levels of blood glucose (sugar). Desired blood sugar of human body should be between 70 mg/dl -110 mg/dl at fasting state. If blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dl, it is termed as hypoglycemia and if more than 110 mg /dl, it is hyperglycemia.

You have a higher risk for diabetes if you have any of the following:

• Age greater than 45 years
• Diabetes during a previous pregnancy
• Excess body weight (especially around the waist)
• Family history of diabetes
• Given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds
• HDL cholesterol under 35
• High blood levels of triglycerides, a type of fat molecule (250 mg/dl or more)
• High blood pressure (greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg)
• Impaired glucose tolerance
• Low activity level
• Poor diet
• Belonging to certain high-risk ethnic populations (e.g. African, Hispanic, Asian)

Diabetes is the primary reason for adult blindness, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), gangrene and amputations. Overweight, lack of exercise, family history and stress increase the likelihood of diabetes. When blood sugar level is constantly high it leads to kidney failure, cardiovascular problems and neuropathy. Patients with diabetes are four times more likely to have coronary heart disease and stroke. In addition, Gestational diabetes is more dangerous for pregnant women and their fetus.

Early diagnosis of diabetes is extremely important. The earlier diabetes is diagnosed, the sooner a person can take steps to manage it well and prevent or delay any complications. Symptoms can include:

• unusual thirst
• frequent urination
• weight change (gain or loss)
• extreme fatigue or lack of energy
• blurred vision
• frequent or recurring infections
• cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
• tingling or numbness in the hands or feet; and
• trouble getting or maintaining an erection.

In some cases, a person can have diabetes without having any signs and symptoms. So, regular check-ups are important to prevent or manage diabetes.

Primary goals of dietary management in diabetes that apply to all subjects with diabetes are to:

• Achieve desired blood glucose levels (70-140 mg/dl) to prevent or reduce the risk of complications of diabetes.
• Attain target lipid and lipoprotein profile (cholesterol levels <200 mg/dl, LDL <100 mg/dl, HDL > 40 mg/dl and triglycerides <150 mg/dl) that reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Control the blood pressure levels (120/80 is normal).
• Modify dietary intake and lifestyle as appropriate for prevention and treatment of overweight, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure.

Weight loss is often beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes. Losing excess weight will not only make it easier for you to reach target blood sugar levels but will also lead to reduction in your medications for controlling diabetes.